| This is my educational section , read some information that i have prepared for you! |
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Theory of Relativity
Albert Einstien(1879-1955)
This is a man that I truely respect. His theorems have have become the basis of modern cosmology and other sciences. The Wizard of Mendlow park concocted one of the greatest single theories know today - The Theory of General Relativity.
The Theory of Relativity has been spread throughout many sciences and different applications. It describes how time and space are closely related, and how we live in a 4 (or more) dimentional world. Where gravity curves space and time, and we may find that the shortest distance between two point is not always a euclidian line.
One of his greatest acheivements is the theory of relativity which basically shows that time is not constant through the universe and it depends on several factors! The theory is derived from a few axioms. #1 The speed of light is constant. #2 There is no prefered reference frame. (This means no matter where you are located your view is correct.
Here is an example of the application of the theorem: A train is traveling at very fast speed, lets say half the speed of light (300,000km/s). There is a hobo on the train (OBSERVER#1) with a campfire in one of the frieght cars, and there is a second hobo standing on the tracks behind the train (OBSERVER #2). I decide to give each of these bumbs a very accurate timing device that is capable of timing the speed of light.
Observer #1 times the light from the fire, and records how long it takes to get to the ceiling. Which is Vc (the speed of light) times D1 (height of the ceiling). So the time Observer records is t1 = VcD1.
Now if you paid attention, you know that the train is moving. So the Campfire and Observer #1 are moving at the same speed as the train 1/2Vc. Well unfortunately, Observer #2 is left in the dust on train tracks. (this is where it gets complicated). Assuming the speed of light is constant, and time is the same for both observers, somehow the light from the fire must travel further than D1 because Dtrain = Vtraint1. So by pythagoron, D2 = (Dtrain^2 + D1^2)^(1/2). So D2 is clearly greater than D1!
So this demonstrates that time must how change in order for light to remain constant. We know that it took t1 for observer#1. So how long did it take observer two? Well Velocity=Distance/Time so Time=Distance/Velocity.
t2 = D2 / Vc.
t2 = (Dtrain^2 + D1^2)^(1/2) / Vc.
t2 = (( Vtraint1)^2 + D1^2)^(1/2) / Vc.
t2 = (( VtrainD1/Vc)^2 + D1^2)^(1/2) / Vc.
So we can see that if Vtrain is small or zero then t1 = t2 but if we do high velocities they are very different and things get very weird. Each Observer saw that the light took the same amount of time to reach the ceiling in their own time frame, but if we compare the time for each of them we see that the time for the person on the train actually had to pass slower to wait for the the light from the train to get to the observer #2 on the tracks. The amazing part is that each observer saw the exact same thing!
This leads to my next cool example: the travelling twin. Identical twins are born and one becomes an astronaught and decides to take a trip on the new high speed vessel which is capable of speeds near the speed of light! 0.99Vc and takes outer solar voyage. The astro-twin continues to travel at this high speed for some time, while his identical twin brother stays home on earth.
After a year of travelling at this high speed on the vessell he returns to earth to find that 50 some years have passed, and his identical twin brother is now an aged crippled old man! Did the twin on earth get cheated out of life? Did the astro-twin get a longevity ticket? No! The win on earth did in fact live 50 years in the same amount of time as the astro-twin who lived 2years! I know! its quite amazing isnt it!
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Christianity
Jesus Christ(ca. 5bc-32ad)
No parliment, or war, or government, or weapon, or technology has changes the lives of as many people as this solitary life. One man, born of a virgin mary, concieved by God, brought before us the good news too all that would hear it.
He was born in a manger and lived a poor life as a carpenter's son. As soon as he was old enough he started to preach. Helping people and sharing the Fathers word. Before long he set out to the world, and began his ministry that would share this world for the rest of time. Turning fishermen to 'fishers of men' and healing lives.
People mocked him, and called him names. His dearest friends turned on him. Only to have him crucified. He was hung on an old rugged cross. Sinless and perfect and without fault. Dying with him, was our sins and our bond to the law.
Three days later, he arose from the grave. Conquering death and sin, showing to all that there is a God, who is alive forever more. And we can be forgiven of our sins if we only ask. Romans 10:9.
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Ska
Ska is the ultimate music ever derived. The best way to describe it is to say it is, "A happy, fast, Rock, with off beats and a horn section." It has been around forever too.
Ska is know to be a medium that allowed the skin heads and the blacks to come together and agree on something. Concerts full of White and Black bald-headed people would look like a checkered board from above. That is where the "ska checks" came from.
Examples of bands that are ska are Five Iron Fenzy, Supertones, Insyderz, Mighty Mighty Bosstones, etc. Some of which are more skaish than others. My personal favorite are FIF and the O.C. Supertones. Both of which are Christian Ska Bands.
Christian Ska is the first time that Christian music has been better and more current than secular music. I praise God for this, because I am a true Ska-Head at heart!
Not only is Ska the best to listen to, but it is the hardest to play. It requires great dexterity and musical skill to play the fast paced, off-beat rythems. Most band have about 8 members in them too. Rather large music group to assemble as well.
There is a dance that goes along with Ska. It is called Skankin'. To skank, you punch one direction and kick the opposite direction at the same time, then gracefully reverse to the other foot and hand in one nice hop. The best skankers improvise and really make it look good. Try it!
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Cloning
Its the newest technology, and its a copier! The idea behind cloning has been around for a long time. I would like you to consider all sides of this issue and form an unbiased opinion that is not influenced by horrible science fiction movies, where clones take over the world or become human slaves, etc.
The first successful cloning of an animal, was of a sheep named Dolly, in the spring of 1997. News flooded through the papers: "Sheep cloned! What's Next?" A few months later, a few monkeys were successfully cloned, as well. This scared many people; if we can clone a sheep can we clone a human? It is totally concievable that if we could clone monkeys and sheep, we could clone a person.
The United States didnt have any Anti-Cloning laws at the time and many people started to get scared. Movies such as The clonus project, Gattica and many other genetic movies were rented and bought out by all the video stores and theatres across the nation, and fear spread through the nation. Come beliefs that clones would take over the world, or we are playing God were all to common. Most people were against it, just because of the negitive influences by various media thoughout there lives. Not many people have thought about the science of it, and what it actually does.
The DNA in the nucleaus is the instructions manual for building a life. It holds all the code needed for the cell to develop into a full grown organism. On fertalization, an zygote is created (one cell), that will split, and grow exponentially over a period time, and will construct the whole life form from the instructions in that one zygote.
Cloning is a complicated percedure. Cloning is achieved by sucking the nucleaus out of an egg and replacing it with a nucleas of another nucleas. Ineffect, we are erasing the plans and rewriting them. The new nucleas, instructs the cell to develop the same way as it did, creating a person that is almost exactly the same.
This brings up the point: What if someone cloned Hitler? Well, it is entirely possible that we could clone Hitler, but the clone would only have the body of Hitler. He would look the same, and age exactly the same way, but he would be an entirely different person. It is important to realize that we can never clone a 'personality', only a body.
Cloning has been around in nature since the first organism was created. Cloning is techology's equivelent to creating an identical twin! If you have a twin, he/she is not you. They may look like you, but they are an entirely different person.
Identical Twins are created the same way as clones are! Infact, clones are twins. Twins come about when the zygote splits into two seperate cells that fully develop. So, in a sense, when you clone a man, you are making him a twin brother in the same way as nature, except later.
What is wrong with cloning? Well, there are a few reasons, why people shouldn't be cloned. The first is DNA. When you make a copy of a copy, it is never as sharp as the original. This is true for DNA as well, and the clone may have genetic flaws or diseases due to the fact that it only has one set of DNA to develop from, when the original was given a set from the mother and father to work with.
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Calculus
Calculus is one of the most feared words among even the most prodigious college scholars. I can attest to this fact through the countless nights of which I uncannily forced to lay awake with several Calculus based headaches of my own. Despite Calculus’s natural pain staking impressions, this branch of mathematics is one of the most useful and applicable to today’s modern technological worlds. Its application can be found throughout our society and daily lives. For instance, visualize the odometer in the dash of your car. It uses calculus to find the exact velocity of your car motion through the use of derivatives: a fundamental property of calculus.
Calculus itself was first discovered by Sir Isaac Newton (1642 - 1723). If you aren’t familiar with him, I wouldn’t sit under an apple tree. Newton has been so graciously deemed the father of Modern Calculus. His laws, methods and theorems are the basis of which most every modern Mathematical and Physic grounded assumption is based.
The basic idea of calculus is to solve complex equations by the use of limits. The derivative for example is the slope of particle at a single instantaneous point which we will call a. You may ask, how is it possible to find the slope of a single point a? Well, this is done by taking to known points and computing the slope between them. Each of which lie on opposite sides of the instant a on the same function f(x). As closer and closer values to the point a are taken, a more accurate measurement is achieved. To find the actual slope at the point a we must find the limit of the slope as the distance from the two outer points approach the point a becomes 0.
This is just one of the basics of calculus. Calculus can be used in all kinds of applications and will solve much more than other mathematics will allow. Things such as finding the area under a curve, or the volume of a obscure object or even to solving differential equations can be accomplished by this ‘headache of a science’. The possibilities are divergent!
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From Mouth to Mp3
Mp3's are awesome, but exactly how do they work? Pretty baffling. Well, to understand mp3's you need to understand how sound is actually saved on a computer. Sound is saved by sampling. A device such as a microphone, or something similar takes measurements of sound and then records a numberic interpertation of the value it read. That value is saved as a number. To reproduce the same sound, another device (such as a speaker) interprets that number back into sound. [This is a very brief and vague summary of DAC (digital to analog converters) and ADC (analog to digital converters), which is a complicated subject on its own.] Anyway, taking one sound reading and converting it to a number is called a sample and taking several readings in succession with equal time between each sample is called sampling.
The more samples I take in a given time, the more accurate the sound reproduction will be to the original sound. If you understand Riemann Sums (from calculus), it is similar to estimating the area under a curve; the more rectangles the more accurate the area guess is to that of the actual area. For example. if I have a 1 minute song, and I take 60 samples. I will have 1 reading per second. If I take 120 samples per minute, i will have 2 readings per second. So if I took 3600 samples over 1 minute, i would have 60 samples per second.
So why is this important? Well, when you play a mp3, there are two numbers. One for quality (measured in kbps) and one for sampling (measured in mhz). If we look at the last example with 60 samples per second. That would be written mathematically as 1sec divided by 60samples. A hertz is an inverse second. So 1sec/60samples = 60hz. 60hz means 60 samples per second. A wave file is considered cd quality if it is 44.1mhz. or 44100hz or 44,100 samples per second! got it!
Okay, im going to bring this down to earth. If a sound file is 1minute long, it has 60seconds. If i want to have a cd quality wave file that means i have to have a sampling rate of 44100hz or 44100 samples per second. So 60sec * 44100samples = 2,646,000 readings for a 1minute song! Which is a lot of samples, and you can quickly see how wav files can get so big.
Alright, im getting to mp3s.. but it takes time. We need to understand wave files first, because mp3s are basically compressed wavs. If you look at a cd quality wav, it has two values: 44.1mhz, and 16bit. We understand the 44.1mhz part, but what is the 16bit part? 16bit represents the accuracy of a sample. If you understand the difference between an 8bit number and a 16bit number, you should know that 8bit means 2^8 (256), and a 16bit is 2^16 (65536). So, looking back to the 1st paragraph. If we have a microphone that takes a 8bit sample, It takes 256 pitches and chooses the closest pitch from that group to the correct pitch. If we have a 16bit sample, it has 65536 pitches to pick from, and has a better chance of finding a correct pitch. So the 16bit sample is going to give you a more accurate recording for 1 sample, than a 8bit would.
Alright, so we know that 16bit refers to the accuracy of the sample, and 44.1mhz refers to the number of samples in the song. So a cd quality, 1minute song would have 2,646,000 samples where each sample, and each sample has 65536 possibly values. So you can see how complex sound files are. And in computer terms, complex data equals large amounts of data. So this is why 1 minute of cd quality sound takes about 9mbs of space on your hard drive. A typical cd holds 655mbs or 74mins of music.
So why cant we just zip these sound files with winzip or netzip, etc? Well this brings up the complexity issue. Zip files work by finding patterns in files, and removing duplicate values with one value using a hash table or encryption code. Since a 1min cd quality wav file has 2,646,000 samples, each with 65536 possible pitches.. that is a permertation of 17,340,825,600 different possible files. Basically, this means that amount of repeating strings is practically nonexistant. So if you zip a wav file, it will add the encryption with no decrease in file size and the actual file size can increase slightly! This is true with mp3s even!
So if my favorite song is 5mins.. then im looking at a 45mb wav file! It would take me about 4hours to download my one song on my 56kbs modem! Thats way too long. So how do we make the wav smaller if i cant zip it. Well this is where mp3 (or layer 3 compression) comes into view. If you think about it, humans can only hear from 20hz to 20mhz, so there is no need record any sound out of that range. So if we take our 45mb wav and trim off all the sounds out of our hearing range, This introduces patterns into the wav file. If we compress it with a special zip algorithm written for sound data, it decreases the file size incredibly! And we are looking at about 1mb per minute instead of 9mbs per/minute! amazing.
Okay, well if i look at my mp3, it only gives me two numbers. Well a cd quality mp3 is said to be 128kbs and 44hz. (I believe 160kbs is more closer to cd quality). You need to know that there are 8bits for every byte. So 128kbs = 16ks. So 128kbs, means that the file size is 16k per second. So basically, the compression algorithm will take the orginal 1 second of wave (151k if you do the math), and trim it down to 16k by deleting sounds that you cant hear then compressing the data. So the less you trim off the file, the better the quality. a 160kbs song allows 20k per second, and a 64kbs file allows only 8k per second. This is true, because a silent wave file is the same size as one that is full out loud music. (Im getting at the fact that the size is constant. so that is how it knows.)
So what are the differences between an mp3 and wav. Basically, like is said before... a mp3 is a compressed and trimmed wav. The only grip about mp3s, is that some sounds you cant hear, but you can definately feel (like strong bass). I feel that the 128kbs mp3s trim too much off the unheard, but felt songs. That is why i lean towards mp3s that are 160kbs or 192kbs.
Mp3s are encoded with 8bit or 16bit samples, but that value isnt displayed on most players because the sampling range is changed when unheard sounds are cut out. so the 128kbs replaces the 16bit.
The mp3 encoding method that i just described is called CBR (constant bit rate), there is another method known as VBR (variable bit rate) which allows an mp3 to jump between different bit rates to an endeavor to decrease files size. (for example, it skips around between 192kbs, 128kbs, and 64kbs, etc). So far, the CBR method consistently yields lower file sizes, but im sure as technology increases.. VBR will improve.
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The Lottery - by Shirly Jackson
(Now , I didnt write this story, but its a good story, so read it! ~wyatt)
The morning of June 27th was clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of a full-summer day; the flowers were blossoming profusely and the grass was richly green. The people of the village began to gather in the square, between the post office and the bank, around ten o'clock; in some towns there were so many people that the lottery took two days and had to be started on June 2th. but in this village, where there were only about three hundred people, the whole lottery took less than two hours, so it could begin at ten o'clock in the morning and still be through in time to allow the villagers to get home for noon dinner.
The children assembled first, of course. School was recently over for the summer, and the feeling of liberty sat uneasily on most of them; they tended to gather together quietly for a while before they broke into boisterous play. and their talk was still of the classroom and the teacher, of books and reprimands. Bobby Martin had already stuffed his pockets full of stones, and the other boys soon followed his example, selecting the smoothest and roundest stones; Bobby and Harry Jones and Dickie Delacroix-- the villagers pronounced this name "Dellacroy"--eventually made a great pile of stones in one corner of the square and guarded it against the raids of the other boys. The girls stood aside, talking among themselves, looking over their shoulders at the boys. and the very small children rolled in the dust or clung to the hands of their older brothers or sisters.
Soon the men began to gather. surveying their own children, speaking of planting and rain, tractors and taxes. They stood together, away from the pile of stones in the corner, and their jokes were quiet and they smiled rather than laughed. The women, wearing faded house dresses and sweaters, came shortly after their menfolk. They greeted one another and exchanged bits of gossip as they went to join their husbands. Soon the women, standing by their husbands, began to call to their children, and the children came reluctantly, having to be called four or five times. Bobby Martin ducked under his mother's grasping hand and ran, laughing, back to the pile of stones. His father spoke up sharply, and Bobby came quickly and took his place between his father and his oldest brother.
The lottery was conducted--as were the square dances, the teen club, the Halloween program--by Mr. Summers. who had time and energy to devote to civic activities. He was a round-faced, jovial man and he ran the coal business, and people were sorry for him. because he had no children and his wife was a scold. When he arrived in the square, carrying the black wooden box, there was a murmur of conversation among the villagers, and he waved and called. "Little late today, folks." The postmaster, Mr. Graves, followed him, carrying a three- legged stool, and the stool was put in the center of the square and Mr. Summers set the black box down on it. The villagers kept their distance, leaving a space between themselves and the stool. and when Mr. Summers said, "Some of you fellows want to give me a hand?" there was a hesitation before two men. Mr. Martin and his oldest son, Baxter. came forward to hold the box steady on the stool while Mr. Summers stirred up the papers inside it.
The original paraphernalia for the lottery had been lost long ago, and the black box now resting on the stool had been put into use even before Old Man Warner, the oldest man in town, was born. Mr. Summers spoke frequently to the villagers about making a new box, but no one liked to upset even as much tradition as was represented by the black box. There was a story that the present box had been made with some pieces of the box that had preceded it, the one that had been constructed when the first people settled down to make a village here. Every year, after the lottery, Mr. Summers began talking again about a new box, but every year the subject was allowed to fade off without anything's being done. The black box grew shabbier each year: by now it was no longer completely black but splintered badly along one side to show the original wood color, and in some places faded or stained.
Mr. Martin and his oldest son, Baxter, held the black box securely on the stool until Mr. Summers had stirred the papers thoroughly with his hand. Because so much of the ritual had been forgotten or discarded, Mr. Summers had been successful in having slips of paper substituted for the chips of wood that had been used for generations. Chips of wood, Mr. Summers had argued. had been all very well when the village was tiny, but now that the population was more than three hundred and likely to keep on growing, it was necessary to use something that would fit more easily into he black box. The night before the lottery, Mr. Summers and Mr. Graves made up the slips of paper and put them in the box, and it was then taken to the safe of Mr. Summers' coal company and locked up until Mr. Summers was ready to take it to the square next morning. The rest of the year, the box was put way, sometimes one place, sometimes another; it had spent one year in Mr. Graves's barn and another year underfoot in the post office. and sometimes it was set on a shelf in the Martin grocery and left there.
There was a great deal of fussing to be done before Mr. Summers declared the lottery open. There were the lists to make up--of heads of families. heads of households in each family. members of each household in each family. There was the proper swearing-in of Mr. Summers by the postmaster, as the official of the lottery; at one time, some people remembered, there had been a recital of some sort, performed by the official of the lottery, a perfunctory. tuneless chant that had been rattled off duly each year; some people believed that the official of the lottery used to stand just so when he said or sang it, others believed that he was supposed to walk among the people, but years and years ago this p3rt of the ritual had been allowed to lapse. There had been, also, a ritual salute, which the official of the lottery had had to use in addressing each person who came up to draw from the box, but this also had changed with time, until now it was felt necessary only for the official to speak to each person approaching. Mr. Summers was very good at all this; in his clean white shirt and blue jeans. with one hand resting carelessly on the black box. he seemed very proper and important as he talked interminably to Mr. Graves and the Martins.
Just as Mr. Summers finally left off talking and turned to the assembled villagers, Mrs. Hutchinson came hurriedly along the path to the square, her sweater thrown over her shoulders, and slid into place in the back of the crowd. "Clean forgot what day it was," she said to Mrs. Delacroix, who stood next to her, and they both laughed softly. "Thought my old man was out back stacking wood," Mrs. Hutchinson went on. "and then I looked out the window and the kids was gone, and then I remembered it was the twenty-seventh and came a-running." She dried her hands on her apron, and Mrs. Delacroix said, "You're in time, though. They're still talking away up there."
Mrs. Hutchinson craned her neck to see through the crowd and found her husband and children standing near the front. She tapped Mrs. Delacroix on the arm as a farewell and began to make her way through the crowd. The people separated good-humoredly to let her through: two or three people said. in voices just loud enough to be heard across the crowd, "Here comes your, Missus, Hutchinson," and "Bill, she made it after all." Mrs. Hutchinson reached her husband, and Mr. Summers, who had been waiting, said cheerfully. "Thought we were going to have to get on without you, Tessie." Mrs. Hutchinson said. grinning, "Wouldn't have me leave m'dishes in the sink, now, would you. Joe?," and soft laughter ran through the crowd as the people stirred back into position after Mrs. Hutchinson's arrival.
"Well, now." Mr. Summers said soberly, "guess we better get started, get this over with, so's we can go back to work. Anybody ain't here?"
"Dunbar." several people said. "Dunbar. Dunbar."
Mr. Summers consulted his list. "Clyde Dunbar." he said. "That's right. He's broke his leg, hasn't he? Who's drawing for him?"
"Me. I guess," a woman said. and Mr. Summers turned to look at her. "Wife draws for her husband." Mr. Summers said. "Don't you have a grown boy to do it for you, Janey?" Although Mr. Summers and everyone else in the village knew the answer perfectly well, it was the business of the official of the lottery to ask such questions formally. Mr. Summers waited with an expression of polite interest while Mrs. Dunbar answered.
"Horace's not but sixteen vet." Mrs. Dunbar said regretfully. "Guess I gotta fill in for the old man this year."
"Right." Sr. Summers said. He made a note on the list he was holding. Then he asked, "Watson boy drawing this year?"
A tall boy in the crowd raised his hand. "Here," he said. "I m drawing for my mother and me." He blinked his eyes nervously and ducked his head as several voices in the crowd said thin#s like "Good fellow, lack." and "Glad to see your mother's got a man to do it."
"Well," Mr. Summers said, "guess that's everyone. Old Man Warner make it?"
"Here," a voice said. and Mr. Summers nodded.
A sudden hush fell on the crowd as Mr. Summers cleared his throat and looked at the list. "All ready?" he called. "Now, I'll read the names--heads of families first--and the men come up and take a paper out of the box. Keep the paper folded in your hand without looking at it until everyone has had a turn. Everything clear?"
The people had done it so many times that they only half listened to the directions: most of them were quiet. wetting their lips. not looking around. Then Mr. Summers raised one hand high and said, "Adams." A man disengaged himself from the crowd and came forward. "Hi. Steve." Mr. Summers said. and Mr. Adams said. "Hi. Joe." They grinned at one another humorlessly and nervously. Then Mr. Adams reached into the black box and took out a folded paper. He held it firmly by one corner as he turned and went hastily back to his place in the crowd. where he stood a little apart from his family. not looking down at his hand.
"Allen." Mr. Summers said. "Anderson.... Bentham."
"Seems like there's no time at all between lotteries any more." Mrs. Delacroix said to Mrs. Graves in the back row.
"Seems like we got through with the last one only last week."
"Time sure goes fast.-- Mrs. Graves said.
"Clark.... Delacroix"
"There goes my old man." Mrs. Delacroix said. She held her breath while her husband went forward.
"Dunbar," Mr. Summers said, and Mrs. Dunbar went steadily to the box while one of the women said. "Go on. Janey," and another said, "There she goes."
"We're next." Mrs. Graves said. She watched while Mr. Graves came around from the side of the box, greeted Mr. Summers gravely and selected a slip of paper from the box. By now, all through the crowd there were men holding the small folded papers in their large hand. turning them over and over nervously Mrs. Dunbar and her two sons stood together, Mrs. Dunbar holding the slip of paper.
"Harburt.... Hutchinson."
"Get up there, Bill," Mrs. Hutchinson said. and the people near her laughed.
"Jones."
"They do say," Mr. Adams said to Old Man Warner, who stood next to him, "that over in the north village they're talking of giving up the lottery."
Old Man Warner snorted. "Pack of crazy fools," he said. "Listening to the young folks, nothing's good enough for them. Next thing you know, they'll be wanting to go back to living in caves, nobody work any more, live hat way for a while. Used to be a saying about 'Lottery in June, corn be heavy soon.' First thing you know, we'd all be eating stewed chickweed and acorns. There's always been a lottery," he added petulantly. "Bad enough to see young Joe Summers up there joking with everybody."
"Some places have already quit lotteries." Mrs. Adams said.
"Nothing but trouble in that," Old Man Warner said stoutly. "Pack of young fools."
"Martin." And Bobby Martin watched his father go forward. "Overdyke.... Percy."
"I wish they'd hurry," Mrs. Dunbar said to her older son. "I wish they'd hurry."
"They're almost through," her son said.
"You get ready to run tell Dad," Mrs. Dunbar said.
Mr. Summers called his own name and then stepped forward precisely and selected a slip from the box. Then he called, "Warner."
"Seventy-seventh year I been in the lottery," Old Man Warner said as he went through the crowd. "Seventy-seventh time."
"Watson" The tall boy came awkwardly through the crowd. Someone said, "Don't be nervous, Jack," and Mr. Summers said, "Take your time, son."
"Zanini."
After that, there was a long pause, a breathless pause, until Mr. Summers. holding his slip of paper in the air, said, "All right, fellows." For a minute, no one moved, and then all the slips of paper were opened. Suddenly, all the women began to speak at once, saving. "Who is it?," "Who's got it?," "Is it the Dunbars?," "Is it the Watsons?" Then the voices began to say, "It's Hutchinson. It's Bill," "Bill Hutchinson's got it."
"Go tell your father," Mrs. Dunbar said to her older son.
People began to look around to see the Hutchinsons. Bill Hutchinson was standing quiet, staring down at the paper in his hand. Suddenly. Tessie Hutchinson shouted to Mr. Summers. "You didn't give him time enough to take any paper he wanted. I saw you. It wasn't fair!"
"Be a good sport, Tessie." Mrs. Delacroix called, and Mrs. Graves said, "All of us took the same chance."
"Shut up, Tessie," Bill Hutchinson said.
"Well, everyone," Mr. Summers said, "that was done pretty fast, and now we've got to be hurrying a little more to get done in time." He consulted his next list. "Bill," he said, "you draw for the Hutchinson family. You got any other households in the Hutchinsons?"
"There's Don and Eva," Mrs. Hutchinson yelled. "Make them take their chance!"
"Daughters draw with their husbands' families, Tessie," Mr. Summers said gently. "You know that as well as anyone else."
"It wasn't fair," Tessie said.
"I guess not, Joe." Bill Hutchinson said regretfully. "My daughter draws with her husband's family; that's only fair. And I've got no other family except the kids."
"Then, as far as drawing for families is concerned, it's you," Mr. Summers said in explanation, "and as far as drawing for households is concerned, that's you, too. Right?"
"Right," Bill Hutchinson said.
"How many kids, Bill?" Mr. Summers asked formally.
"Three," Bill Hutchinson said.
"There's Bill, Jr., and Nancy, and little Dave. And Tessie and me."
"All right, then," Mr. Summers said. "Harry, you got their tickets back?"
Mr. Graves nodded and held up the slips of paper. "Put them in the box, then," Mr. Summers directed. "Take Bill's and put it in."
"I think we ought to start over," Mrs. Hutchinson said, as quietly as she could. "I tell you it wasn't fair. You didn't give him time enough to choose. Everybody saw that."
Mr. Graves had selected the five slips and put them in the box. and he dropped all the papers but those onto the ground. where the breeze caught them and lifted them off.
"Listen, everybody," Mrs. Hutchinson was saying to the people around her.
"Ready, Bill?" Mr. Summers asked. and Bill Hutchinson, with one quick glance around at his wife and children. nodded.
"Remember," Mr. Summers said. "take the slips and keep them folded until each person has taken one. Harry, you help little Dave." Mr. Graves took the hand of the little boy, who came willingly with him up to the box. "Take a paper out of the box, Davy." Mr. Summers said. Davy put his hand into the box and laughed. "Take just one paper." Mr. Summers said. "Harry, you hold it for him." Mr. Graves took the child's hand and removed the folded paper from the tight fist and held it while little Dave stood next to him and looked up at him wonderingly.
"Nancy next," Mr. Summers said. Nancy was twelve, and her school friends breathed heavily as she went forward switching her skirt, and took a slip daintily from the box "Bill, Jr.," Mr. Summers said, and Billy, his face red and his feet overlarge, near knocked the box over as he got a paper out. "Tessie," Mr. Summers said. She hesitated for a minute, looking around defiantly. and then set her lips and went up to the box. She snatched a paper out and held it behind her.
"Bill," Mr. Summers said, and Bill Hutchinson reached into the box and felt around, bringing his hand out at last with the slip of paper in it.
The crowd was quiet. A girl whispered, "I hope it's not Nancy," and the sound of the whisper reached the edges of the crowd.
"It's not the way it used to be." Old Man Warner said clearly. "People ain't the way they used to be."
"All right," Mr. Summers said. "Open the papers. Harry, you open little Dave's."
Mr. Graves opened the slip of paper and there was a general sigh through the crowd as he held it up and everyone could see that it was blank. Nancy and Bill. Jr.. opened theirs at the same time. and both beamed and laughed. turning around to the crowd and holding their slips of paper above their heads.
"Tessie," Mr. Summers said. There was a pause, and then Mr. Summers looked at Bill Hutchinson, and Bill unfolded his paper and showed it. It was blank.
"It's Tessie," Mr. Summers said, and his voice was hushed. "Show us her paper. Bill."
Bill Hutchinson went over to his wife and forced the slip of paper out of her hand. It had a black spot on it, the black spot Mr. Summers had made the night before with the heavy pencil in the coal company office. Bill Hutchinson held it up, and there was a stir in the crowd.
"All right, folks." Mr. Summers said. "Let's finish quickly."
Although the villagers had forgotten the ritual and lost the original black box, they still remembered to use stones. The pile of stones the boys had made earlier was ready; there were stones on the ground with the blowing scraps of paper that had come out of the box Delacroix selected a stone so large she had to pick it up with both hands and turned to Mrs. Dunbar. "Come on," she said. "Hurry up."
Mr. Dunbar had small stones in both hands, and she said. gasping for breath. "I can't run at all. You'll have to go ahead and I'll catch up with you."
The children had stones already. And someone gave little Davy Hutchinson few pebbles.
Tessie Hutchinson was in the center of a cleared space by now, and she held her hands out desperately as the villagers moved in on her. "It isn't fair," she said. A stone hit her on the side of the head. Old Man Warner was saying, "Come on, come on, everyone." Steve Adams was in the front of the crowd of villagers, with Mrs. Graves beside him.
"It isn't fair, it isn't right," Mrs. Hutchinson screamed, and then they were upon her.
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Romeo and Juliet - by Shakespear
(Now , this is the whole thing... plus the glossery)
Well, i was going to put the play in one of these windows, but the text for the play is 200kb+ so that could take upto 3mins to download. So i am putting it in its own window.
- Read The Whole Play at Once:
Whole Play At Once - (207KB)
- Read Partitions of the Play
Dramatis Personae - (4KB)
Act 1 - (51KB)
Act 2 - (48KB)
Act 3 - (56KB)
Act 4 - (29KB)
Act 5 - (31KB)
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Baptism
I.
On my shelf I have several translations of the bible. NASB, NIV, KJV, NLB, etc. And they all read differently with different verses. Many of which are translations of translations. And if you look at the logic behind many of the verses you will see that they are not logically equivalent to those of similar translations. I'm at work, so I can't pull out two verses… to show you… (which I may later do, to help my point.) But if you analyze the verses structure according to Boolean or Aristotelian Logic you can find literal 100's of verses that don’t have the exact meaning. So this makes it clear to me that I cant base the validity of my argument solely on the 'play of words'. If my faith is solely based on two instantiations of my interpretations of verse a verse with the word 'eis' then I don’t have a 'sound' basis. Since I am not literate in the correct Greek, nor do I have access to the original scripts I have to rely on overlying themes that are the same with each version. In mathematics there is a method referred to as a "hand wave proof", which means you throw a bunch of loosely related arguments to form an axiom or an infallible proof, without proving the independent clauses the formed the elements leading up to statements are true.
Example:
X = Y where x and y are intergers.
X*X = Y*X multiply by X
X*X - Y^2 = X*Y - Y^2 subtract Y squared.
X^2 - Y^2 = Y(X - Y) simplify Distributive rule
(X - Y)(X + Y) = Y(X - Y) Expanding the squares.
(X+Y) = Y Divide both sides by (X-Y)
Lets say X = 1 then
(1) + Y = Y
Since: X = Y, Y = 1 See first step.
Therefore: (1) + (1) = (1)
2 = 1 How can this be?
So I just proved that 2 = 1. I lead you down this mathematical tangent to show you that you can do the same thing with words:
Wyatt is a Man,
The President is a Man
Therefore, Wyatt is the President.So by twisting the rules we can prove what we like. This is how the mormon and jehova's witness religions are based.
II
So since we cant base our justifications on a translation singularity of a couple key verses we must find proof elsewhere. Lets put aside the verses that are debatable, math 16:16, acts 2:28, etc which play off the word 'baptism'. Because they can go both ways depending on your interpretation. If they didn’t, there wouldn’t be any debate to start with. If we are to accept our faith, we must accept it in entirety of the word.
I don’t know if you are familiar with "placing lots" which was used throughout the old testament to choose judges and to determine plans of action in war. "placing lots" is similar to flipping a coin and saying.. Lord, if you want us to do 'this' choose heads, and if you want us to do the other choice make the coin land on tails. This is an act of faith saying that the lord is control and that if he wanted us to do something we would. I am making this point to say that the lord has provided us with all the information that He believes we need in the bible, and we must trust that verses such as Math 16 are included in the bible because it’s the Lord's will. So we must accept the word as it is… there is no more or less than what we are given.
I could use the fact that james was almost thrown out of bible because of its seeming… (but not truly) contradicting themes. And you can use the same with the thief on the cross about the baptism. But we must believe that the lords word is what it is and we are not to add more assumptions or take away obvious notions.
This is why I believe jesus spoke in parables, so that meanings of words and sly interpretations could be avoided.
Okay, I'm taking a break to breath… okay… (literally).
I believe that the lord's will is redundant and repetitive throughout the bible. And important issues will not be left ambiguous in one or two debatable verses. They, infact will be proven over and over throughout the entire testament. And this is what I want to base my argument on. So I will start by listing instances and creating the overall mood of the bible.
To start.. what is the greatest commandment? In math 22 jesus says: "Love the lord god with all your heart and sole and being", and the second greatest commandment "love your neighbor as yourself". Everything is based on these two commandments.
Jesus goes on to introduce the theme of the heart, and how the heart is more important than your physical actions. In math 22, jesus says that if you merely look at a woman it is adultery. and he goes on for many things such as murder. Jesus says that if we look at another man with anger it is as if I had murdered him in my heart and I will be held accountable, and it is punishable by the same consequence as if I had murdered that man in the eyes of the Lord. (vs22-24). This whole paragraph clearly states that the condition of the heart is the most important part, not only our actions.
At another instance (matt 12) jesus heals a man's crippled hand on the Sabbath and is confronted by Pharisees. Which is more important he asked them? To obey the Sabbath or to help your brother in need by healing him? Jesus says it is more important for us to love our neighbor than to uphold a ritual such as the Sabbath.
As we progress we look at chapter 15. The disciples are confronted about not washing their hands before they eat. He goes on to explain: Then Jesus called to the crowds and said, "Listen to what I say and try to understand. 11 You are not defiled by what you eat; you are defiled by what you say and do. 17. "Anything you eat passes through the stomach and then goes out of the body. 18 But evil words come from an evil heart and defile the person who says them.
This section clearly states that the body and the heart are separate entities, and that the body doesn’t matter, just the heart! This clearly aligns with the verse in peter 3:21: "And this is a picture of baptism, which now saves you by the power of Jesus Christ's resurrection. Baptism is not a removal of dirt from your body; it is an appeal to God from a clean conscience." The water and body do not matter, it’s the commitment of the heart!
Another: Math 18: "13 Some children were brought to Jesus so he could lay his hands on them and pray for them. The disciples told them not to bother him. 14 But Jesus said, "Let the children come to me. Don't stop them! For the Kingdom of Heaven belongs to such as these." 15 And he put his hands on their heads and blessed them before he left.". Which is more important, physical acts or our heart? Does he want our body's to become physically like a child… no? he wants our hearts to be pure like a child's.
"Mt 5:30 And if your hand – even if it is your stronger hand – causes you to sin, cut it off and throw it away. It is better for you to lose one part of your body than for your whole body to be thrown into hell." Is my foot or my hand who I am? Does the color of my hair influence determine my sole? No.. what matters is our heart and sole. The body is just a cover of the sole. If my car has mud on it, does that mean I am muddy? What is more important the driver or the car?
I can keep going on listing instance where jesus clearly points out that what really matters is the heart, and the body is just a medium of the heart which reflects heart. But I'm going to move on.
So I believe we have proved through these verses that the most important thing is the condition of the heart. It is the greatest commandment.
III.
Now let us look at the points we were discussing earlier and combine them with discussions I, and II.
Thief on the cross:
Luke 39One of the criminals hanging beside him scoffed, "So you're the Messiah, are you? Prove it by saving yourself – and us, too, while you're at it!" 40 But the other criminal protested, "Don't you fear God even when you are dying? 41 We deserve to die for our evil deeds, but this man hasn't done anything wrong." 42 Then he said, "Jesus, remember me when you come into your Kingdom." 43 And Jesus replied, "I assure you, today you will be with me in paradise."
Was baptism an issue here? The issue here is that thief made a change in his heart, and jesus opened his arms to him because of his heart not because of any action or ritual he had done or hadn't done. Simply because he called on the name of jesus. And confessed to the other thief!
The thief's heart was softened for the lord, and he had stood up for jesus before the other thief as an outer act of confess. Was this an issue of a ritual??? No no no it was a change of HEART HEART HEART. And his actions reflect his heart.
If you research the tongue, you will see that the Israelites would take coal and cleans their lips for the slander of their mouths.. Was it really the coal? That allowed the commitment. NO! it was the outer confession of change in their hearts. The tongue is just a tool of the heart. The evilness comes from the heart. The cleanings of lips was just a simple of a change in their heart.
Remember when mary came and cried on jesus's feet and jesus said that she had washed his feet with her tears and her hair. What really matters is the heart… not the act itself.
So what is it to be born again? It is to die and to become reborn, not in body, but in heart. The body can be destroyed and thrown away, but the heart is your own and what really matters.
So how am I saved? I make a change in my heart for the lord, dying in my old self and giving my heart to the lord. The body represents the heart. So if my heart has changed for the lord, so will my actions. But what really matters is the heart. "love the lord god with all your heart mind and soul".
So what is baptism. Baptism is an outward confession of the change of our heart. Because my body is not my heart. It is an act of saying I am leading my life for Christ! Is baptism in water necessary? It wasn’t for the thief... the thief outwardly reach for the lord by asking his forgiveness and defending him before the other thief.
Jesus said.. "I will not turn my back on anyone who calls on my name". Another example that backs up what I have said.
IV
What role does water baptism have? It has the same role as communion, or keeping the commandments, or washing feet, or cleanings our lips, or anointing with oil, or prayer. Or helping the poor, or putting others first. It is an outward confession of love for the lord Jesus Christ. If we don’t get baptized, it is a sin. Because the lord has commanded us to do it.
V
Conclusion. Don’t set baptism up as a cornerstone of your faith. What matters most is that you love the lord, and love our neighbors. If I get baptized and keep the commandments, but my heart is lost… I am lost. HEART. What profit is it if I gain the world, but lose my soul.
Try to be open minded about what I am saying. I know that the more I read the more my heart tells me that what matters is my love for jesus, not the rituals I perform. Rituals are rituals, but my love for Christ is what matters.
I'm praying for you, and I'm hoping that the lord will open the eyes of your heart to this.
The Lorax - By Dr. Suess
At the far end of town
where the Grickle-grass grows
and the wind smells slow-and-sour when it blows
and no birds ever sing excepting old crows…
is the Street of the Lifted Lorax.And deep in the Grickle-grass, some people say,
if you look deep enough you can still see, today,
where the Lorax once stood
just as long as it could
before somebody lifted the Lorax away.What was the Lorax?
And why was it there?
And why was it lifted and taken somewhere
from the far end of town where the Grickle-grass grows?The old Once-ler still lives here.
Ask him. He knows.
You won't see the Once-ler.
Don't knock on his door.
He stays in his Lerkim on top of his store.
He lurks in his Lerkim, cold under the roof,
where he makes his own clothes
out of miff-muffered moof.
And on special dank midnights in August,
he peeks out of the shutters
and sometimes he speaks
and tells how the Lorax was lifted away.He'll tell you, perhaps…
If you're willing to pay.
On the end of a rope
he lets down a tin pail
and you have to toss in fifteen cents
and a nail
and the shell of a great-great-great-
grandfather snail.Then he pulls up the pail,
makes a most careful count
to see if you've paid him
the proper amount.
Then he hides what you paid him
away in his Snuvv,
his secret strange hole
in his gruvvulous glove.Then he grunts, "I will call you by Whisper-ma-Phone,
for the secrets I tell are for your ears alone."
SLUPP!
Down slupps the Whisper-ma-Phone to your ear
and the old Once-ler's whispers are not very clear,
since they have to come down
through a snergelly hose,
and he sounds
as if he had
smallish bees up his nose."Now I'll tell you," he says, with his teeth sounding gray,
"how the Lorax got lifted and taken away…
It all started way back…
such a long, long time back…
Way back in the days when the grass was still green
and the pond was still wet
and the clouds were still clean,
and the song of the Swomee-Swans rang out in space…
one morning, I came to this glorious place.And I first saw the trees!
The Truffula Trees!
The bright-colored tufts of the Truffula Trees!
Mile after mile in the fresh morning breeze.
And under the trees, I saw Brown Bar-ba-loots
frisking about in their Bar-ba-loot suits
as they played in the shade and ate Truffula Fruits.
From the rippulous pond
came the comfortable sound
of the Humming-Fish humming
while splashing around.But those trees! Those trees!
Those Truffula Trees!
All my life I'd been searching
for trees such as these.
The touch of their tufts
was much softer than silk.
And they had the sweet smell
of fresh butterfly milk.I felt a great leaping
of joy in my heart.
I knew just what I'd do!
I unloaded my cart.
In no time at all, I had built a small shop.
Then I chopped down a Truffula Tree with one chop.
And with great skillful skill and with great speedy speed,
I took the soft tuft. And I knitted a Thneed!
The instant I'd finished, I heard a ga-Zump!
I looked.
I saw something pop out of the stump
of the tree I'd chopped down. It was sort of a man.Describe him?…That's hard. I don't know if I can.
He was shortish. And oldish.
And brownish. And mossy.
And he spoke with a voice
that was sharpish and bossy.
"Mister!" he said with a sawdusty sneeze,
"I am the Lorax. I speak for the trees.
I speak for the trees, for the trees have no tongues.
And I'm asking you, sir, at the top of my lungs"-
he was very upset as he shouted and puffed-
"What's that THING you've made out of my Truffula tuft?""Look Lorax," I said. "There's no cause for alarm.
I chopped just one tree. I am doing no harm.
I'm being quite useful. This thing is a Thneed.
A Theend's a Fine-Something-That-All-People-Need!
It's a shirt. It's a sock. It's a glove. It's a hat.
But it has other uses. Yes, far beyond that.
You can use it for carpets. For pillows! For sheets!
Or curtains! Or covers for bicycle seats!"The Lorax said,
"Sir! You are crazy with greed.
There is no one on earth
who would buy that fool Thneed.
But the very next minute I proved he was wrong.
For, just at that minute, a chap came along,
and he thought that the Thneed I had knitted was great.
He happily bought it for three ninety-eight.
I laughed at the Lorax, "You poor stupid guy!
You never can tell what some people will buy."
"I repeat," cried the Lorax,
"I speak for the trees!"
"I'm busy," I told him.
"Shut up, if you please."I rushed 'cross the room, and in no time at all,
built a radio-phone. I put in a quick call.
I called all my brothers and uncles and aunts
and I said, "Listen here! Here’s a wonderful chance
for the whole Once-ler Family to get mighty rich!
Get over here fast! Take the road to North Nitch.
Turn left at Weehawken. Sharp right at South Stitch."
And in no time at all,
in the factory I built,
the whole Once-ler Family
was working full tilt.We were all knitting Theends
just as busy as bees,
to the sound of the chopping
of Truffula Trees.
Then...
Oh! Baby! Oh!
How my business did grow!
Now, chopping one tree
at a time
was too slow
So I quickly invented my Super-Axe-Hacker
which whacked off four Truffula Trees at one smacker.We were making Thneeds
four times as fast as before!
And that Lorax?…
He didn't show up any more.
But the next week
he knocked
on my new office door.
He snapped, "I'm the Lorax who speaks for the trees
which you seem to be chopping as fast as you please.
But I'm also in charge of the Brown Bar-ba-loots
who played in the shade in their Bar-ba-loot suits
and happily lived, eating Truffula Fruits."NOW…thanks to your hacking my trees to the ground,
there's not enough Truffula Fruit to go 'round.
And my poor Bar-ba-loots are all getting the crummies
because they have gas, and no food, in their tummies!
They loved living here. But I can't let them stay.
They'll have to find food. And I hope that they may.
Goo luck, boys," he cried. And he sent them away.I, the Once-ler, felt sad
as I watched them all go.
BUT…
business is business!
And business must grow
regardless of crummies in tummies, you know.
I meant no harm. I most truly did not.
But I had to grow bigger. So bigger I got.
I biggered my factory. I biggered my roads.
I biggered my wagons. I biggered the loads
of Thneeds I shipped out. I was shipping them forth
to the South! To the East! To the West! To the North!
I went right on biggering…selling more Thneeds.
And I biggered my money, which everyone needs.
Then again he came back! I was fixing some pipes
when that old-nuisance Lorax came back with more gripes."I am the Lorax," he coughed and he whiffed.
He sneezed and he snufffled. He snarggled. He sniffed.
"Once-ler!" he cried with a cruffulous croak.
"Once-ler! You're making such smogulous smoke!
My poor Swomee-Swans…why, they can't sing a note!
No one can sing who has smog in his throat.
"And so," said the Lorax,
"-please pardon my cough-
they cannot live here.
So I'm sending them off.
"Where will they go?…
I don’t hopefully know.
They may have to fly for a month…or a year…
To escape from the smog you've smogged-up around here."What's more," snapped the Lorax. (His dander was up.)
"Let me say a few words about Gluppity-Glupp.
Your machinery chugs on, day and night without stop
making Gluppity-Glupp. Also Schloppity-Schlopp.
And what do you do with this leftover goo?…
I'll show you. You dirty old Once-ler man, you!
"You're glumping the pond where the Humming-Fish hummed!
No more can they hum, for their gills are all gummed.
So I'm sending them off. Oh, their future is dreary.
They'll walk on their fins and get woefully weary
in search of some water that isn't so smeary.
And then I got mad.
I got terribly mad.
I yelled at the Lorax, "Now listen here, Dad!
All you do is yap-yap and day, 'Bad! Bad! Bad! Bad!'
Well I have my rights, sir, and I'm telling you
I intend to go on doing just what I do!
And, for your information, you Lorax, I'm figgering
on biggering
and Biggering
and BIGGERING
and BIGGERING,
turning MORE Truffula Trees into Thneeds
which everyone, EVERYONE, EVERYONE needs!"And at that very moment, we heard a loud whack!
From outside in the fields came a sickening smack
of an axe on a tree. Then we heard the tree fall.
The very last Truffula Tree of them all!
No more trees. No more Thneeds. No more work to be done.
So, in no time, my uncles and aunts, every one,
all waved me good-bye. They jumped into my cars
and drove away under the smoke-smuggered stars.
Now all that was left 'neath the bad-smelling sky
was my big empty factory…
the Lorax…
and I.The Lorax said nothing. Just gave me a glance…
just gave me a very sad, sad backward glance…
as he lifted himself by the seat of his pants.
And I'll never forget the grim look on his face
when he heisted himself and took leave of this place,
through a hole in the smog, without leaving a trace.
And all that the Lorax left here in this mess
was a small pile of rocks, with the one word…
"UNLESS."Whatever that meant, well, I just couldn't guess.
That was long, long ago.
But each day since that day
I've sat here and worried
and worried away.
Through the years, while my buildings
have fallen apart,
I've worried about it
with all of my heart.
"But now," says the Once-ler,
"Now that you're here,
the word of the Lorax seems perfectly clear.UNLESS someone like you
cares a whole awful lot,
nothing is going to get better.
It's not.
"SO…
Catch!" calls the Once-ler.
He lets something fall.
"It's a Truffula Seed.
It's the last one of all!
You're in charge of the last of the Truffula Seeds.
And Truffula Trees are what everyone needs.
Plant a new Truffula. Treat it with care.
Give it clean water. And feed it fresh air.
Grow a forest. Protect it from axes that hack.
Then the Lorax
and all of his friends
may come back."
THE END
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Hamlet - by Shakespear
(Now , this is the whole thing.)
Well, i was going to put the play in one of these windows, but the text for the play is 200kb+ so that could take upto 3mins to download. So i am putting it in its own window.
- Read The Whole Play at Once:
Whole Play At Once - (233KB)
- Read Partitions of the Play
Dramatis Personae - (4KB)
Act 1 - (57KB)
Act 2 - (54KB)
Act 3 - (46KB)
Act 4 - (49KB)
Act 5 - (48KB)
